Nearsightedness (Myopie)

What types of Myopia are there?

The severity of myopia is measured in negative diopters. Depending on the degree of visual impairment, we distinguish between:

1. Myopia simplex

This is the most common form of nearsightedness. It typically reaches up to –6 diopters and causes relatively mild visual limitations. It is not considered a disease, but a physiological variation.

2. Degenerative Myopie (Malignant Myopia)

This is a medical condition. In most cases, the visual impairment exceeds –6 diopters. It is often caused by a congenital deformation of the posterior part of the eye.

When does nearsightedness develop?

Myopia can be congenital (degenerative myopia). It typically develops during childhood or adolescence and may progress until the mid-20s.
During pregnancy and breastfeeding, a temporary form of myopia can occur (often called "maternal myopia"). In almost all cases, this form regresses after weaning.

How is myopia diagnosed?

Myopia is usually detected by puberty at the latest, as this is when rapid anatomical changes occur. Many individuals see well during early childhood, but once a growth spurt begins, the eyeball elongates and distant objects often become blurry. Therefore, regular eye examinations, especially during childhood and adolescence, are very important.

What symptoms does myopia cause?

Because distant objects appear blurry, road signs may only be recognized at the last moment when driving —posing a risk to the individual and others. Schoolchildren often struggle to read the blackboard, which can negatively affect their learning. These issues can be quickly and easily corrected with the right glasses, contact lenses, or laser eye treatment.